| 1977: The Age of biotechnology arrives with | | | | 1979: Sir Walter Bodmer suggests a way of using |
| "somatostatin" - a human growth hormone-releasing | | | | DNA technology to find gene markers to show up |
| inhibitory factor, the first human protein | | | | specific genetic diseases and their carriers. John |
| manufactured in bacteria by Genentech, Inc. A | | | | Baxter reports cloning the gene for human growth |
| synthetic, recombinant gene was used to clone a | | | | hormone. |
| protein for the first time. | | | | 1980: The prokaryote model, E. coli, is used to |
| 1978: Genentech, Inc. and The City of Hope National | | | | produce insulin and other medicine, in human form. |
| Medical Center announce the successful laboratory | | | | Researchers successfully introduce a human gene - |
| production of human insulin using recombinant DNA | | | | one that codes for the protein interferon- into a |
| technology. Hutchinson and Edgell show it is possible | | | | bacterium. The U.S. patent for gene cloning is |
| to introduce specific mutations at specific sites in a | | | | awarded to Cohen and Boyer. |
| DNA molecule. | | | | |