TEST

FREQUENCY / COMMENT

Viral Load

CD4 count <350/mm³ – every 3-4 months; CD4 count >350/mm³ – every 3-6 months. The test helps to stage the progression of the disease and indicate the need to start/change antiretroviral treatment.

Complete Blood Count

Every 6 months. More frequently with low values and if using drugs which are toxic to the bone marrow.

Test for syphilis

Every year.

CD4 count

Every 3-6 months. Repeat for decisions on antiretroviral therapy and prophylaxis of opportunistic infections, or when counts do not make sense. Routine tests when counts are <50/mm³ are of little use only if monitoring response to antiretroviral therapy.

Chest x-ray

If there are symptoms and signs of lung (pulmonary) disease or a positive TB test.

Serum Chemistries

Cervical smear

Every six months and then once a year if the results are normal. Inadequate or unclear results should be repeated. Refer to a gynaecologist if there are abnormal results.

Tuberculosis test

Every year if at risk.

Hepatitis

Screen if vaccine needed against Hepatitis B. For hepatitis A virus vaccine, test anti-HAV (IgG). Abnormal liver function tests – check for Hep.B. Test for hepatitis C virus (HCV).

CMV(optional)

Sometimes advised in low risk groups. (prevalence in HIV+ = 90%).

Toxoplasmosis

Test and repeat if (a) CD4 count = 100/mm³ and not taking Septrin for PCP prevention; (b) symptoms suggest toxo. encephalitis.

G-6-PD(optional)

Test (1) those susceptible: primarily men with African American, Italian, Asian ancestry; (2) if taking oxidant drugs, especially dapsone, (3) with symptoms of G6-PD deficiency with testing after recovery.

Fasting Lipids

Recommended for people taking PIs or NNRTIs. Test every 3-4 months depending on results and risk factors.